Chapter 1: Revisiting AI Project Cycle & Ethical Frameworks for AI

Important questions — the ones the board asked most (18)

1. Q1Short answer4 marksAsked: 2026

   Differentiate between Deep Learning, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning. Also draw a labelled Venn diagram depicting the relationship between AI, ML and DL.

   

   Medha Ma’am

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   Model answer · AI vs ML vs DL

   1. 1.Artificial Intelligence is a broad field that enables machines to perform tasks like human intelligence. It becomes intelligent according to the training it gets, and for this training, the machine is fed with datasets so that it can take decisions and perform tasks that usually require human intelligence.1 mark
   2. 2.Machine Learning is a subset of AI that uses algorithms to learn from data and improve performance with experience. According to the applications for which the AI algorithm is being developed, the data fed into it changes, and the system uses this data to derive meaning and improve its working with experience.1 mark
   3. 3.Deep Learning is a specialized subset of Machine Learning that uses artificial neural networks to understand complex data patterns. It is used to handle extensive processing of data, such as visual or language data, so that the machine can understand complex patterns and act on them accordingly.1 mark
   4. 4.The Venn diagram shows the hierarchy and relationship among the three domains. Artificial Intelligence is drawn as the largest, outermost circle since it is the broadest field. Inside it is a smaller circle for Machine Learning, showing that Machine Learning is a subset of Artificial Intelligence. Inside the Machine Learning circle is drawn the smallest circle, labelled Deep Learning, showing that Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning. This nested arrangement of the three circles depicts that Deep Learning is part of Machine Learning, which in turn is part of Artificial Intelligence.1 mark

   Diagram: Draw three concentric/nested circles: the largest outer circle labelled "Artificial Intelligence (AI)", a smaller circle inside it labelled "Machine Learning (ML)", and the smallest circle inside that labelled "Deep Learning (DL)".

   • Write the exact words 'subset' while describing both Machine Learning and Deep Learning to show the hierarchy.
   • In the diagram, clearly nest the three circles one inside another and write 'AI', 'ML', 'DL' labels inside each.
   • Mention 'human intelligence' for AI, 'algorithms' and 'data' for ML, and 'neural networks' and 'complex patterns' for DL.

   Marks split from a structure derived from past papers (checked twice); not CBSE’s official scheme

2. Q2Short answer4 marksAsked: 2026

   Consider the following scenarios and identify which AI domain would be most appropriate for each, with justification : (A) An AI based education platform needs to translate to English language and analyze thousands of student essays to provide instant feedback on grammar, content quality and writing style. (B) An AI based application installed on a busy crossing in a metropolitan city scans all vehicles driving through that crossing during peak traffic hours and categorizes them into four wheelers and two wheelers.

   

   Medha Ma’am

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   Model answer · AI domains, NLP vs Computer Vision

   1. 1.The most suitable AI domain for scenario (A) is Natural Language Processing (NLP). Natural Language Processing is a branch of artificial intelligence that deals with the interaction between computers and humans using the natural language, and it is used here because the task involves translation and analysis of text, that is, the student essays.1 mark
   2. 2.The justification for scenario (A) is that natural language processing attempts to extract information from the spoken and written word using algorithms, and its ultimate objective is to read, decipher, understand and make sense of human languages in a valuable manner. Since the education platform has to translate the essays to English and analyse them to give instant feedback on grammar, content quality and writing style, it requires this kind of language processing of text, which only NLP can provide.1 mark
   3. 3.The most suitable AI domain for scenario (B) is Computer Vision. Computer Vision is a domain of AI that depicts the capability of a machine to get and analyse visual information and afterwards predict some decisions about it, and it is used here because the application scans and classifies vehicles, which is visual data.1 mark
   4. 4.The justification for scenario (B) is that computer vision-related projects translate digital visual data into descriptions, which is then turned into computer-readable language to aid the decision-making process, and the main objective of this domain of AI is to teach machines to collect information from pixels. Since the application at the crossing has to scan the vehicles and categorize them into four wheelers and two wheelers, it needs this kind of image processing to identify the vehicles and put them into the correct category.1 mark

   • Name the domain first in each paragraph: 'Natural Language Processing (NLP)' for (A) and 'Computer Vision' for (B) before explaining.
   • In the justification for (A), use the words 'grammar, content quality and writing style' along with 'language processing'.
   • In the justification for (B), use the words 'image processing' and 'categorize' along with 'vehicles'.

   Marks split from a structure derived from past papers (checked twice); not CBSE’s official scheme

3. Q3Short answer4 marksAsked: 2025

   What do you understand by AI Bias and AI Access ? Give one example of each to support your answer.

   

   Medha Ma’am

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   Model answer · AI Bias and AI Access

   1. 1.AI Bias means an AI system making unfair decisions that favour or harm a particular group of people. It usually happens because the data used to train the system is biased, or because the system reflects societal biases like racism and sexism. Since AI is used as a decision-making/ influencing tool, a biased algorithm can cause unintended harm. That is why the data we use for training must be unbiased.1.5 marks
   2. 2.Example of AI Bias: a hiring algorithm was biased against women applicants. Because of this bias, women applicants did not get a fair chance of being selected, even when they were as able as the men who applied.0.5 marks
   3. 3.AI Access means whether people can actually get and use AI technology and its benefits. AI tools need devices like smartphones or computers, an internet connection and some digital skills. People who do not have these cannot benefit from AI, so a gap opens up between those who have access and those who do not. Example of AI Access: a farmer in a remote village with no smartphone or internet cannot use an AI-based app that gives advice on crops or weather, while a farmer in a city can use it to make better decisions.2 marks

   • For AI Bias, explain that the system is unfair because "the data used to train the system is biased", then give one example: the hiring algorithm "biased against women applicants".
   • For AI Access, explain that people need devices, internet and digital skills, then give one example: the village farmer with no smartphone or internet.
   • Give each term its own meaning and just one example, as two separate parts.

   Marks split as in the board’s published marking scheme

4. Q4Short answer4 marksAsked: 2025

   What is the use of problem statement template with respect to 4Ws of problem scoping ? Draw a problem statement template depicting all key elements.

   How the model answer begins

   1. A problem statement template is used to sum up everything found from the 4Ws of problem scoping (Who, What, Where and Why) in one short, clear statement. In Problem Scoping we set the goal for our AI project by stating…

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5. Q5Long answer4 marksAsked: 2024

   18. Give any four examples of applications of AI that we see around us.

   How the model answer begins

   1. Face Recognition, also called Face Unlock, is an application of AI that we see around us. This technology is used in smartphones and security systems to identify a person based on facial features. It uses computer…

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6. Q6Long answer4 marksAsked: 2023

   Ms. Sooji is a beginner in the field of Artificial Intelligence. She got confused among the core terms like Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL). Many a times, these terms are used interchangeably but are they the same ? Justify your answer. Help her in understanding these terms by drawing a well labelled diagram to depict the interconnection of these three fields.

   How the model answer begins

   1. No — AI, ML and DL are not the same: Machine Learning is a subset of AI, and Deep Learning is a subset of Machine Learning.

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7. Q7Long answer4 marksAsked: 2023

   What is the significance of AI project cycle ? Also explain in detail about how Data Acquisition is different from data exploration.

   How the model answer begins

   1. The AI Project Cycle provides us with an appropriate framework which can lead us towards the goal, as it is the cyclical process followed to complete an AI project. It gives a structured framework to organize an AI…

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8. Q8Long answer4 marksAsked: 2023

   Will it be valid to say that not all the devices which are termed as "smart" are AI-enabled ? Justify this statement. Explain any two examples from the daily life which are commonly misunderstood as AI.

   How the model answer begins

   1. Yes, it is valid to say that not all devices which are termed as 'smart' are AI-enabled. Many devices are marketed as 'smart' simply because they offer automation or connectivity features, but this does not mean they…

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9. Q9Very short answer2 marksAsked: 2026

   Explain the difference between sector-based and value-based ethical frameworks with one example of each.

   How the model answer begins

   1. A sector-based ethical framework is a framework tailored to specific sectors or industries, that is, a set of rules and standards created for specific industries or professions such as finance, education,…

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10. Q10Short answer2 marksAsked: 2025

    11. Differentiate between Computer Vision (CV) and Natural Language Processing (NLP).

    How the model answer begins

    1. Computer Vision, abbreviated as CV, is a domain of AI that focuses on enabling computers to interpret and understand visual information from digital images or videos. It involves teaching machines to collect information…

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11. Q11Short answer2 marksAsked: 2025

    12. Define the following with respect to AI project cycle : (i) Data Exploration (ii) Data Features

    How the model answer begins

    1. Data exploration is the process of using visualization and statistical tools to understand data and discover hidden patterns or trends within it.

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12. Q12Short answer2 marksAsked: 2025

    One of the applications of Data Science is Airline Route Planning. List any two tasks that airline companies can do using Data Science.

    How the model answer begins

    1. Airline companies can use Data Science to optimize flight timing and routes in order to reduce fuel consumption.

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13. Q13Short answer2 marksAsked: 2024

    15. What role does data play in AI based applications ? Name any two sources of online data collection for building any AI based application.

    How the model answer begins

    1. Data plays the role of providing the essential foundation for training AI models. The machine is fed with datasets, and according to the applications for which the AI algorithm is being developed, the data fed into it…

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14. Q14Short answer2 marksAsked: 2023

    Explain any one example of AI bias.

    How the model answer begins

    1. One example of AI bias is a hiring algorithm which was biased against women applicants. Such a recruitment algorithm prioritizes men over women because of historical data used while building the AI solution.

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15. Q15Very short answer1 markAsked: 2023

    Two popular examples of pocket assistants are ____ and ____.

    How the model answer begins

    1. Two popular examples of pocket assistants are Siri and Google Assistant.

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16. Q16Very short answer1 markAsked: 2023

    This is a fact that all human beings have all nine types of intelligences, but at different levels. Name any two such intelligences.

    How the model answer begins

    1. Two such intelligences that all human beings possess at different levels are Linguistic Intelligence and Logical-Mathematical Intelligence.

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17. Q17Very short answer1 markAsked: 2023

    Regression is one of the type of supervised learning model, where data is classified according to labels and data need not to be continuous. (True / False)

    How the model answer begins

    1. The given statement is False. Regression is a type of supervised learning model, but it deals with continuous data, not data classified according to labels. In regression, the data is continuous in nature, which makes…

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18. Q18Very short answer1 markAsked: 2025

    Identify the logo of an application of AI given below. It helps us to navigate to places.

    How the model answer begins

    1. This is the logo of Google Maps, an application that helps us to navigate to places.

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Objective questions with the board’s key (10)

1. 1. CBSE 2026

   Anita and Surjit are creating an AI application that will classify different types of fruits. The Computer Vision task that will identify the type of fruit and assign a label to it is called ________.

   • (A) Segmentation
   • (B) Classification ✓
   • (C) Classification + Localization
   • (D) Object Detection

   Answer: (B)

2. 2. CBSE 2026

   Consider the following sentence: On seeing her son's result, Pooja's face turned red with anger. Which feature of natural language does the word "red" represent?

   • (A) Redundancy
   • (B) Context-dependent meaning ✓
   • (C) Grammatical structure
   • (D) Temporal change

   Answer: (B)

3. 3. CBSE 2026

   Ethical frameworks are primarily designed for what?

   • (A) Increasing the functionality of AI algorithms.
   • (B) Ensuring that the decisions made do not cause any unintended harm. ✓
   • (C) Reducing the cost of AI development.
   • (D) Speeding up the AI project cycle.

   Answer: (B)

4. 4. CBSE 2026

   Statement 1: Overfitting occurs when a model memorizes the training data instead of learning patterns. Statement 2: Using the same data for training and evaluation helps the model give correct results.

   • (A) Both statements are correct.
   • (B) Both statements are incorrect.
   • (C) Statement 1 is correct, but Statement 2 is incorrect. ✓
   • (D) Statement 1 is incorrect, but Statement 2 is correct.

   Answer: (C)

5. 5. CBSE 2026

   Which learning approach would be most suitable for training an AI model to park a car correctly?

   • (A) Supervised Learning
   • (B) Unsupervised Learning
   • (C) Transfer Learning
   • (D) Reinforcement Learning ✓

   Answer: (D)

6. 6. CBSE 2026

   Which stage of the AI Project Cycle involves testing the model on newly fetched data ?

   • (A) Data Exploration
   • (B) Modelling
   • (C) Evaluation ✓
   • (D) Deployment

   Answer: (C)

7. 7. CBSE 2026

   Which AI domain would be most suitable for developing a price comparison website ?

   • (A) Computer Vision
   • (B) Natural Language Processing
   • (C) Statistical Data ✓
   • (D) Robotics

   Answer: (C)

8. 8. CBSE 2025

   (i) Assertion (A) : When a machine is able to mimic human traits, it is said to be artificially intelligent. Reason (R) : A fully automatic washing machine is artificially intelligent. (ii) Platforms such as Spotify, Facebook, Instagram, Amazon, Netflix etc. shows recommendation on the basis of what you like. Which is the technology behind this ? (iii) Statement 1 : In "When" block of 4Ws canvas we find the stakeholders. Statement 2 : Stakeholders are the people who face a particular problem and would be benefitted with the solution. (iv) Whenever we want an AI project to be able to predict an output, we need to ________. (v) What does the term "image processing" refer to in Computer Vision ?

   • (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
   • (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
   • (C) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct. ✓
   • (D) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.

   Answer: (C)

9. 9. CBSE 2025

   Assertion (A) : When a machine is able to mimic human traits, it is said to be artificially intelligent. Reason (R) : A fully automatic washing machine is artificially intelligent.

   • (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
   • (B) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
   • (C) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct. ✓
   • (D) (A) is not correct but (R) is correct.

   Answer: (C)

10. 10. CBSE 2025

    Platforms such as Spotify, Facebook, Instagram, Amazon, Netflix etc. shows recommendation on the basis of what you like. Which is the technology behind this ?

    • (A) Human Intelligence
    • (B) Platform Intelligence
    • (C) Artificial Intelligence ✓
    • (D) Application Intelligence

    Answer: (C)

Questions parents and students ask

How many marks does "Revisiting AI Project Cycle & Ethical Frameworks for AI" carry in CBSE Class 10 Artificial Intelligence?

In the CBSE papers of 2023–2026, this chapter carried about 13 marks and about 11 questions a year; by marks it ranks 1 in Artificial Intelligence.

Which are the most important (VVI) questions of "Revisiting AI Project Cycle & Ethical Frameworks for AI"?

The 18 questions above are from the board’s real papers, each with the years it was asked; the most-asked come first with their full model answers. All 18 written questions of this chapter, with answers, are in the Ask Medha app.

Do the answers follow the board’s marking scheme?

Yes. CBSE publishes its marking schemes; every model answer here is written point by point to the marks the board’s own scheme gives, and checked by a second, independent model.