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Bihar Board Class 10 · Social Science · Matric exam 2027

Chapter 3: Competition and Struggle in Democracy — notes

The chapter’s 8 parts in the book’s order — the first idea of each and the points Medha Ma’am writes on the board — and the summary at the end. The full lesson and a check question for each part are in the app.

This chapter’s important questions →

  1. 1. Why competition and mass struggle grow democracy

    You should know that in the whole world, the development of democracy has happened due to competition and mass struggle.

    • • Democracy grows through competition and mass struggle.
    • • Clash of rulers and would-be rulers = decisive moment.
    • • Mediums: political parties, pressure groups, revolutionary groups.
    • • Struggles sometimes solved by Parliament or judiciary.

  2. 2. Mass struggle in Indian democracy: Bihar movement and Emergency

    Let me tell you how mass struggle shaped India's democracy.

    • • 1971: Congress wins on 'Garibi hatao' slogan.
    • • March 1974: Bihar student movement begins.
    • • Jay Prakash Narayan leads Sampurna Kranti (Complete Revolution).
    • • 12 June 1975: Allahabad HC declares Indira Gandhi's election illegal.
    • • 25 June 1975: Emergency declared.
    • • 1977: Janta Party wins 330 of 542 seats.

  3. 3. Movements for regional and social demands

    Now let's look at how different groups pressed government with their own struggles.

    • • Chipko Movement: Uttarakhand, saved trees, women's role, 15-year ban.
    • • Dalit Panthers: 1972, Maharashtra, fought dalit exploitation.
    • • Indian Farmer Union: Mahendra Singh Tikait, demands for farmers.
    • • Tadi Virodhi Andolan: Andhra Pradesh women against liquor.
    • • Save Narmada Movement: against big dams, Rehabilitation Policy 2003.
    • • RTI Movement: started in Rajasthan, RTI Act approved 2005.

  4. 4. Democratic struggles in neighbouring countries

    You should also know that India's democracy grows stronger when democracy runs well in neighbouring countries too.

    • • Nepal: King Gyanendra dismissed govt 2005; movement 2006.
    • • Seven-party alliance; Koirala became PM in 2006.
    • • Bolivia: struggle against water privatisation by MNC.
    • • Bangladesh: struggle after 1975, Awami League won 2008.
    • • Sri Lanka: democracy since 1948; Tamil conflict over separate state.

  5. 5. Meaning and functions of political parties

    Now let's understand political parties.

    • • Political party: group working for a common political aim.
    • • Aim: to gain or influence power.
    • • 1885: Indian National Congress; 1688: Whig and Tory in Britain.
    • • Functions: policies, administration, elections, public opinion.
    • • Also: mediator, political training, party work, non-political work.
    • • Called 'life blood of democracy'.

  6. 6. Competition among parties and national development

    You will be glad to know that competition among political parties is considered good for democracy.

    • • Three party systems: one-party, two-party, multi-party.
    • • Competition pushes parties to work for people's wishes.
    • • Democracy grows stronger with party competition.
    • • Parties aid national development: awareness, unity, stability, legislation.

  7. 7. Challenges before political parties and measures to make them effective

    Now let's see the challenges political parties face today.

    • • Lack of internal democracy and leadership.
    • • Kinship: top posts given to relatives.
    • • Black money and criminal influence in elections.
    • • Lack of firm principles; opportunist alliances.
    • • Fixes: anti-defection law, court orders, internal democracy, youth/women representation.

  8. 8. National and state parties of India

    Finally, let's learn about India's political parties.

    • • National party: 6% votes in 4+ states + 4 Lok Sabha seats.
    • • Or 2% Lok Sabha seats (11 seats) from 3 states.
    • • State party: 6% votes + 3% or 3 seats in Vidhan Sabha.
    • • INC (1885), BJP (1980), CPI (1925), CPI-M (1964).
    • • RJD, JDU, LJP, BSP, SP, JMM: social justice parties.

Summary

This chapter taught you that democracy grows strong through competition and mass struggle between rulers and the people, organised through political parties, pressure groups and revolutionary groups. You learned how Indian democracy was tested and strengthened through the Bihar movement, the Emergency of 1975, and movements like Chipko, Dalit Panthers, the Indian Farmer Union, Tadi Virodhi Andolan, Save Narmada, and the Right to Information movement. You also saw how neighbouring countries like Nepal, Bolivia, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka struggled for democracy. Then you studied what a political party is, its many functions, why competition among parties is good for democracy, and how parties help national development. Finally, you learned the challenges political parties face today, the measures suggested to make them more effective, and the main national and state parties of India.

AskMedha · Medha Ma’am — Bihar Board Class 10 Social Science, Chapter 3. Written from the textbook, checked twice.

Questions parents and students ask

How do I get the "Competition and Struggle in Democracy" notes as a PDF?
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Where are these notes written from?
From the chapter’s own textbook text, part by part, in the book’s own terms; a second, independent model then checked every part against the book. The full lesson, a check question for each part and the practice are in the AskMedha app.

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