Chapter 6: Manufacturing Industries

Important questions — the ones the board asked most (20)

1. Q1Long answer5 marksAsked: 2026

   (a) Explain the reasons why most of the Jute industries in India are located in West Bengal. OR (b) Explain the measures to reduce industrial pollution.

   

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   Model answer · location of jute industry, West Bengal

   1. 1.(a) The mills are close to the jute-growing areas of the Ganga–Brahmaputra delta, so raw jute is easily available. OR (b) Use less water by reusing and recycling it in two or more stages.1 mark
   2. 2.The Hugli river supplies abundant water for processing raw jute and cheap water transport. OR Harvest rainwater to meet water needs.1 mark
   3. 3.Cheap labour comes from West Bengal and the neighbouring states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh. OR Treat hot water and effluents mechanically, biologically and chemically before releasing them into rivers.1 mark
   4. 4.Kolkata, a large city and port, provides banking, insurance and port facilities for exporting jute goods. OR Fit factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators, and use oil or gas instead of coal.1 mark
   5. 5.A good network of railways, roadways and waterways carries raw jute to the mills and finished goods to markets. OR Redesign machinery and use silencers and ear protectors against noise, and dispose of solid waste properly.1 mark

   Marks split from a structure derived from past papers (checked twice); not CBSE’s official scheme

2. Q2Long answer5 marksAsked: 2026

   (a) Explain the factors responsible for the development of the cotton textile industry in India. Or (b) Explain any five suggestions to control environmental degradation.

   

   Medha Ma’am

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   Model answer · Cotton textile industry location factors

   1. 1.(i) Availability of raw cotton: The cotton textile industry grew mainly because raw cotton was available close at hand. In the early years, the industry was concentrated in the cotton growing belt, so the mills got their main raw material easily and cheaply.1 mark
   2. 2.(ii) Abundant cotton production: Cotton is produced in large amounts in Maharashtra and Gujarat, where black soil is found. Black soil suits cotton, so these states gave the mills a steady supply of cotton.1 mark
   3. 3.(iii) Moist climate: The moist climate of this area makes the cotton fibre shiny and strong. This also helps in spinning and weaving good-quality yarn and cloth.1 mark
   4. 4.(iv) Traditional skills and labour: Weaving is highly decentralised to provide scope for incorporating traditional skills and designs of weaving in cotton, silk, zari, embroidery, etc. Skilled weavers and plenty of labour helped the industry to grow.1 mark
   5. 5.(v) Nearby market and transport: A nearby market for cotton cloth helped the industry to expand. Transport, including accessible port facilities, carried raw material to the mills and finished goods to buyers in India and abroad.1 mark

   • Name both states, "Maharashtra and Gujarat", and write that "black soil is found" there.
   • Write that the moist climate makes the cotton fibre "shiny and strong".
   • For traditional skills, write "cotton, silk, zari, embroidery".

   Marks split as in the board’s published marking scheme

3. Q3Long answer5 marksAsked: 2026

   (a) Analyse the role of manufacturing industries in the economic development of a country. OR (b) Analyse the different types of industrial pollution.

   

   Medha Ma’am

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   Model answer · importance of manufacturing

   1. 1.Manufacturing industries play a major role in a country's economic development. The manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular. The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. Countries that turn their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous.1 mark
   2. 2.Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy. Industries supply farmers with modern inputs and machinery, so farming becomes more productive.1 mark
   3. 3.Manufacturing industries reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. People are no longer forced to depend only on farming to earn a living.1 mark
   4. 4.Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from a country. Industries create jobs and raise incomes. This was the main idea behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India.1 mark
   5. 5.Industrial development helps in bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. New industries bring jobs and growth to these regions, so the whole country develops more evenly.1 mark

   • Open with the line "backbone of development in general and economic development in particular".
   • Write "jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors" when you explain how industries reduce dependence on agricultural income.
   • For regional disparities, name "tribal and backward areas".

   Marks split as in the board’s published marking scheme

4. Q4Long answer5 marksAsked: 2026

   (a) "Manufacturing industries are considered the backbone of the economic development of the country." Justify the statement with suitable arguments. OR (b) "Agriculture and industry move hand-in-hand." Justify the statement with suitable arguments.

   How the model answer begins

   1. (a) Manufacturing raises national income: countries that make goods from their raw materials are more prosperous than agricultural ones. OR (b) Modern agriculture depends on industrial inputs — tractors, threshers, pump…

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5. Q5Long answer5 marksAsked: 2025

   31. (a) Explain the role of industries in increasing air pollution and suggest measures to control it. OR (b) Explain the measures taken by 'National Thermal Power Corporation' to prevent environmental degradation.

6. Q6Long answer5 marksAsked: 2025

   (a) Study the given flow chart and answer the question that follows : [Flowchart: Fibre Production -> Spinning -> Weaving knitting -> Dyeing and Finishing -> Garment Manufacturing] [Flowchart: Raw Fibre -> Yarns -> Fabric -> Garments] Explain the added value product in the textile industry on the bases of above flowchart. OR (b) Study the given flowchart and answer the question that follows : [Flowchart: Transport of raw material to plant -> Blast Furnace Melted -> Pig Iron -> Steel Making -> Shaping Metal] Explain the steel manufacturing process on the bases of the above flowchart.

7. Q7Long answer5 marksAsked: 2026

   (a) "The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries." Support the statement with appropriate arguments. OR (b) "There is a need to save clean water from industrial pollution in India." Support the statement with suitable arguments.

   How the model answer begins

   1. (a) Manufacturing raises national and per capita income, making the country prosperous. OR (b) Factories release untreated effluents into rivers, lakes and ponds, polluting the water.

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8. Q8Long answer5 marksAsked: 2025

   31. (a) "Manufacturing industries are considered the backbone of the economic development of a country." Justify the statement. OR (b) "Agriculture and industries complement each other." Justify the statement.

   How the model answer begins

   1. Manufacturing industries are considered the backbone of economic development because the economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries. Countries that transform their raw…

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9. Q9Long answer5 marksAsked: 2025

   (a) Explain the role of industries in increasing air pollution and suggest any three measures to reduce air pollution. OR (b) Explain the role of industries in increasing water pollution and suggest any three measures to reduce water pollution.

   How the model answer begins

   1. (a) Industries increase air pollution because they release undesirable gases into the air. Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases, such as sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide,…

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10. Q10Long answer5 marksAsked: 2025

    (a) Explain the importance of manufacturing industry in the Indian economy. OR (b) Explain the inter-relationship between agriculture and industry.

    How the model answer begins

    1. Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular. Manufacturing means turning raw materials into goods of higher value, like paper from wood or sugar from…

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11. Q11Long answer5 marksAsked: 2025

    31. (a) How do industries increase air pollution ? Suggest any three measures to reduce air pollution. OR (b) How do industries increase thermal pollution ? Suggest any three measures to reduce thermal pollution.

12. Q12Long answer5 marksAsked: 2024

    (a) How are industries the main source of water pollution ? Mention any two suggestions for the conservation of water. 3+2=5 OR (b) How are industries the main factor for air pollution ? Mention any two suggestions to overcome the problem of air pollution. 3+2=5

13. Q13Long answer5 marksAsked: 2024

    (a) Describe the role of manufacturing industries in the economic development of a country. OR (b) Describe any five steps taken to control industrial pollution of fresh water.

    How the model answer begins

    1. (a) The manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular. Manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our…

    The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
14. Q14Long answer5 marksAsked: 2024

    (a) "Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development of the country." Justify the statement. OR (b) "Agriculture and Industry move hand in hand." Justify the statement.

    How the model answer begins

    1. The manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular. Firstly, manufacturing industries help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our…

    The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
15. Q15Long answer5 marksAsked: 2024

    (a) Explain the measures to reduce industrial pollution with examples. OR (b) How is the economic progress of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries ? Explain with examples.

16. Q16Long answer5 marksAsked: 2023

    (a) Explain the importance of manufacturing industries. OR (b) Explain any five ways to reduce industrial pollution.

17. Q17Long answer5 marksAsked: 2023

    (a) Explain any five factors affecting the location of industries. OR (b) Explain any five causes of air and water pollution.

18. Q18Long answer5 marksAsked: 2023

    (a) How are industries contributing to the national economy ? Explain. OR (b) Explain any five ways to reduce air and water pollution.

    How the model answer begins

    1. Industries add a large share to the national economy. Over the last two decades, the manufacturing sector has contributed about 17 percent of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

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19. Q19Long answer5 marksAsked: 2023

    (a) How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ? Explain with examples. OR (b) "The economic strength of a country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries." Explain with examples.

    How the model answer begins

    1. (a) One way industries can reduce the pollution of fresh water is by minimising the use of water for processing. They can do this by reusing and recycling it in two or more successive stages. This matters because every…

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20. Q20Short answer3 marksAsked: 2024

    'Manufacturing industries are considered the backbone of economic development.' Justify the statement.

    How the model answer begins

    1. Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, but also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and…

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9 more questions of this chapter, each with its model answer, in the Ask Medha app.

Objective questions with the board’s key (4)

1. 1. CBSE 2026

   Match Column-I with Column-II and choose the correct option :

   • (A) iii ii i iv
   • (B) iv ii iii i
   • (C) iv iii ii i ✓
   • (D) ii iv iii i

   Answer: (C)

2. 2. CBSE 2025

   Two statements are given below. They are Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements and choose the correct option : Assertion (A) : Most of the jute industry in India is located in a narrow belt along the banks of Hugli river. Reason (R) : India is the second largest exporter of jute.

   • (A) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
   • (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A). ✓
   • (C) (A) is true, but (R) is false.
   • (D) (A) is false, but (R) is true.

   Answer: (B)

3. 3. CBSE 2023

   Who of the following set up the first Iron and Steel industry in India ?

   • (A) J.R.D. Tata ✓
   • (B) Purushotam Das
   • (C) R.G. Saraiya
   • (D) Thakur Das

   Answer: (A)

4. 4. CBSE 2023

   There are two statements given as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read both the statements and choose the correct option. Assertion (A) : Agriculture and industry move hand in hand. Reason (R) : Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from the country.

   • (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
   • (B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the Assertion (A). ✓
   • (C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
   • (D) Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.

   Answer: (B)

Questions parents and students ask

How many marks does "Manufacturing Industries" carry in CBSE Class 10 Social Science?

In the CBSE papers of 2023–2026, this chapter carried about 3 marks and about 1 questions a year; by marks it ranks 14 in Social Science.

Which are the most important (VVI) questions of "Manufacturing Industries"?

The 20 questions above are from the board’s real papers, each with the years it was asked; the most-asked come first with their full model answers. All 29 written questions of this chapter, with answers, are in the Ask Medha app.

Do the answers follow the board’s marking scheme?

Yes. CBSE publishes its marking schemes; every model answer here is written point by point to the marks the board’s own scheme gives, and checked by a second, independent model.