Bihar Board Class 10 · Social Science · Matric exam 2027
Chapter 6: Globalisation — notes
The chapter’s 8 parts in the book’s order — the first idea of each and the points Medha Ma’am writes on the board — and the summary at the end. The full lesson and a check question for each part are in the app.
1. What is Globalisation?
Okay, so let's start with the big idea of this chapter.
- • Globalisation = rapid integration of countries
- • Free movement: goods, services, investment, technology
- • Milnovic: capital+goods+technology+ideas+people
- • Example: cars, malls in Indian towns
- • Result: borderless world
2. Liberalisation, Privatisation and the Components of Globalisation
Okay, so globalisation didn't come alone.
- • Privatisation: public sector role down, private sector role up (1991)
- • Liberalisation: removal of restrictions on license/reservation (1991)
- • Globalisation = outcome of liberalisation + privatisation
- • 5 components: trade, capital, technology, labour, convertibility
- • Hindrance: free flow of labour is restricted
3. Multinational Companies and Outsourcing
Okay, so — let's talk about multinational companies.
- • MNC: owns/controls production in more than 1 nation
- • Examples: Ford Motors, Samsung, Coca-Cola, Nokia, Infosys, Tata Motors
- • Dabur manufactures in Nepal (cheap labour/land)
- • Outsourcing: design-USA, parts-China, assembly-Mexico/E.Europe, call centre-India
- • Saving: 50-60% cost for MNC
- • Coca-Cola bought Thums Up from Parle Group
4. Factors Behind Globalisation: Technology and Liberalisation
Okay, so what pushed globalisation forward?
- • Factor 1: Rapid improvement in technology (telecom, transport, containers)
- • Example: NY-Mumbai magazine, text by internet, payment by e-banking
- • Factor 2: Liberalisation of foreign trade & investment policy (around 1991)
- • Trade barrier: restriction set by government on foreign trade
- • Removing such barriers = liberalisation
5. World Trade Organisation and Globalisation in India
Okay, so let's talk about the World Trade Organisation, or WTO.
- • WTO: set up 1995, India a founder member
- • ~149 member countries (2006), office in Geneva
- • Function: makes & enforces international trade rules
- • 8 benefits: FDI, competition, technology, quality goods
- • new markets, product quality, banking reforms, human capital
6. Effect of Globalisation on Bihar
Okay, so let's talk about Bihar now.
- • Positive: agri production up, exports up (Litchi, Mango, Makhana)
- • Positive: FDI, NSDP/per-capita NSDP up, banking/insurance set up
- • Negative: agriculture/agro-industries neglected
- • Negative: cottage/small industries hurt (e.g. Chinese toys)
- • Negative: unemployment, poor infrastructure
- • Conclusion: positive impact more than negative impact
7. Economic Reforms since 1991 and LPG
Okay, so let's talk about 1991.
- • 1991 crisis: debt, low forex reserves, Gulf War, rising prices
- • Economic Reforms = New Economic Policy
- • LPG = Liberalisation + Privatisation + Globalisation
- • Objectives: productivity, competitiveness, investment, development
8. Globalisation and the Common Man
Okay, so — who is the common man?
- • Common man: 85% of population (2009-10), low income
- • Positive: goods/services cheaper, more employment, new technology
- • Negative: unemployment, competition, weak labour unions
- • Negative: small industries & farmers suffer
- • Need: Inclusive Growth so benefits reach all
Summary
Okay, so let's look back at what we learned in this chapter. Globalisation means countries coming closer together, through the free movement of goods, services, capital and technology. And this was built on two policies — liberalisation and privatisation — adopted in 1991. We saw the five components of globalisation. We also saw how big companies, like Ford Motors and Coca-Cola, spread their production across many countries. They do this through outsourcing, to earn more profit. Then we saw the two main factors driving globalisation — improvement in technology, and liberalisation of trade policy. And supporting this, there's the World Trade Organisation, set up in 1995. We also studied how globalisation shaped Bihar. There were positive effects, like higher exports. And there were negative effects too, like harm to small industries. We saw how the economic crisis of 1991 led to the LPG reforms. And finally, we learned that the common man gains some benefits from globalisation, but also faces unemployment and hardship. So, we need inclusive growth — growth that shares these benefits with everyone. Tell me — out of everything we covered, which part did you find most surprising?
AskMedha · Medha Ma’am — Bihar Board Class 10 Social Science, Chapter 6. Written from the textbook, checked twice.
Questions parents and students ask
- How do I get the "Globalisation" notes as a PDF?
- Press "Save as PDF" — the phone’s print sheet opens; choose "Save as PDF" there. The PDF holds the notes only.
- Where are these notes written from?
- From the chapter’s own textbook text, part by part, in the book’s own terms; a second, independent model then checked every part against the book. The full lesson, a check question for each part and the practice are in the AskMedha app.
The same preparation, with Medha Ma’am — on your phone
Every question of every chapter with its model answer, practice questions in the board’s own shapes, 60 minutes of class a day, written answers marked, a test every Sunday and a WhatsApp report to parents.
Medha Ma’am is an AI teacher, not a live tutor. Every answer is checked twice; a person takes responsibility.