Chapter 1: Nationalism in Europe

VVI questions — the ones the board asked most (11)

1. Q1Short answer2 marksAsked: 2020, 2022, 2024

   What were the causes of the French Revolution of 1848 ?

   

   Medha Ma’am

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   Model answer · causes of French Revolution 1848

   1. 1.The liberal policies of Louis Philippe failed, due to which people started to oppose him. Rising unemployment and starvation among the people created widespread discontent in France, which prepared the background for the revolution.1 mark
   2. 2.Demands for political reforms grew strong among the people of France. Reformist movements were launched for the expansion of suffrage, and these reformist movements inspired the Revolution of 1848.1 mark

   • Write 'liberal policies of Louis Philippe' failed and mention both 'unemployment and starvation' in the first point.
   • In the second point, use the exact words 'political reforms' and 'expansion of suffrage'.
   • Keep each cause in its own paragraph without repeating the other point.

   Marks split from a structure derived from past papers (checked twice); not Bihar Board’s official scheme

2. Q2Long answer4 marksAsked: 2025

   How nationalism is the result of political awakening in the modern world ? Discuss.

   

   Medha Ma’am

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   Hear it from Medha Ma’am · 85 s

   Model answer · nationalism, political awakening

   1. 1.Nationalism is the outcome of the political awakening of modern world. This is a feeling that becomes the bearer of unity among the people of a definite geographical, cultural or social environment.1 mark
   2. 2.In the modern world, nationalism emerged with the decline of absolute monarchies and the spread of democratic values, as the old system of kingship weakened and people began demanding rights and self-rule, giving birth to the feeling of nationalism.1 mark
   3. 3.The French Revolution, 1789, laid the foundation of nationalism in developed form, as it took politics out of the aristocratic environment and made it a thing of newspapers, roads and public, spreading the ideas of liberty, equality and fraternity among the people.1 mark
   4. 4.Nationalism inspired mass movements against foreign rule, as the message of the new era reached many states of Europe through Napoleon's campaigns and awakened the people of Germany and Italy, while the July 1830 revolution paved the way for political unification of European nations. Due to the impact of nationalism, unification of Germany and Italy happened and movements started in Greece, Poland and Hungary, leading to the creation of new nation-states.1 mark

   • Begin with the exact line 'Nationalism is the outcome of the political awakening of modern world' to earn the first point directly.
   • Name the French Revolution, 1789 along with liberty, equality and fraternity to secure the third point.
   • Name unification of Germany and Italy and the movements in Greece, Poland and Hungary to earn the fourth point.

   Marks split from a structure derived from past papers (checked twice); not Bihar Board’s official scheme

3. Q3Short answer2 marksAsked: 2021

   Write two achievements of Vienna Congress.

   

   Medha Ma’am

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   Hear it from Medha Ma’am · 45 s

   Model answer · Vienna Congress, achievements

   1. 1.The Vienna Congress abolished the changes made by Napoleon and restored the old order. The main objective of this conference was to oppose republic and democracy that was contribution of the French Revolution and to establish the ancient regime. This was done to maintain the balance of power in Europe which had been totally disturbed by Napoleon's wars.1 mark
   2. 2.The Vienna Congress secured the borders of France to establish a balance of power in Europe. To establish the system prior to the revolution in France under Vienna provisions, the Bourbon dynasty was restored and Louis XVIII became the king of France, which ended the age of Napoleon.1 mark

   • In point 1, write 'balance of power' and mention that it restored the old order disturbed by Napoleon.
   • In point 2, write 'Bourbon dynasty' and mention that Louis XVIII became king of France to secure its borders.

   Marks split from a structure derived from past papers (checked twice); not Bihar Board’s official scheme

4. Q4Short answer2 marksAsked: 2022

   What were the causes of the French Revolution of 1848 ?

   How the model answer begins

   1. During the regime of Guizot, who was appointed Prime Minister by Louis Philippe, hunger and unemployment were increasing in the country. This rise of unemployment and starvation in France was the main cause of the…

   The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
5. Q5Short answer2 marksAsked: 2023

   What was the role of the religious reform movement in the rise of nationalism ?

   How the model answer begins

   1. The Reformation movement challenged the absolute authority of the Church and developed independent thinking and reasoning among the people. This independent thinking helped the growth of national feeling.

   The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
6. Q6Short answer2 marksAsked: 2024

   Write in brief about Cold War.

   How the model answer begins

   1. The Cold War was a tense situation that emerged between the USA and the Soviet Union after the Second World War.

   The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
7. Q7Short answer2 marksAsked: 2025

   Who adopted the 'golden middle class' policy and why?

   How the model answer begins

   1. The policy of 'Golden Mean' was adopted by the French ruler Louis Philippe. He was a liberal but highly ambitious king who came to power after the revolution of July 1830, getting throne through the liberals,…

   The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
8. Q8Short answer2 marksAsked: 2025

   What was the purpose of the Vienna Congress?

   How the model answer begins

   1. The main objective of the Vienna Congress was to undo the changes brought about in Europe by Napoleon. The objective of the Conference was to re-establish the system that was totally disturbed by Napoleonic wars and…

   The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
9. Q9Short answer2 marksAsked: 2026

   What is meant by Metternich era ?

   How the model answer begins

   1. The period under the influence of Austrian Chancellor Metternich, starting with the Vienna Congress in 1815 AD, is known as the Metternich era.

   The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
10. Q10Short answer2 marksAsked: 2026

    What was the role of Napoleon Bonaparte in awakening Nationalism in Europe?

    How the model answer begins

    1. Napoleon Bonaparte, through his administrative reforms, implemented a unified legal system and abolished the feudal system in the territories he conquered. He revamped the communication system and brought the whole area…

    The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
11. Q11Short answer2 marksAsked: 2021

    What was the role of Austria in the unification of Italy and Germany ?

    How the model answer begins

    1. Austria was the biggest obstacle to the unification of Italy and Germany because it wanted to maintain its influence over these regions. As a foreign nation, Austria had interference in Italy and opposed every attempt…

    The full answer from Medha Ma’am →

Objective questions with the board’s key (10)

1. 1. Bihar Board 2026

   Who followed the 'policy of blood and iron' ?

   • (A) Mazzini
   • (B) Stalin
   • (C) Nixon
   • (D) Bismarck ✓

   Answer: (D)

2. 2. Bihar Board 2026

   Who was the Chancellor of Austria ?

   • (A) Bismarck
   • (B) Metternich ✓
   • (C) Count Cavour
   • (D) Hitler

   Answer: (B)

3. 3. Bihar Board 2026

   Whose rule was established in France as a result of the revolution of July 1830 ?

   • (A) Charles - X
   • (B) Charles - II
   • (C) Louis Philippe ✓
   • (D) Alexander - II

   Answer: (C)

4. 4. Bihar Board 2026

   Who first suggested the formation of European Economic Union ?

   • (A) Prime Minister of Britain
   • (B) Foreign Minister of France ✓
   • (C) Finance Minister of Germany
   • (D) Foreign Minister of Italy

   Answer: (B)

5. 5. Bihar Board 2026

   Who founded Young Italy ?

   • (A) Metternich
   • (B) Mazzini ✓
   • (C) Garibaldi
   • (D) Napoleon

   Answer: (B)

6. 6. Bihar Board 2026

   Who among the following divided Italy into several states?

   • (A) Mazzini
   • (B) Garibaldi
   • (C) Count Cavour
   • (D) Metternich ✓

   Answer: (D)

7. 7. Bihar Board 2026

   Rousseau was the philosopher of which country ?

   • (A) France ✓
   • (B) England
   • (C) America
   • (D) Russia

   Answer: (A)

8. 8. Bihar Board 2026

   Who contributed to the unification of Italy ?

   • (A) Mazzini
   • (B) Count Cavour
   • (C) Garibaldi
   • (D) All of them ✓

   Answer: (D)

9. 9. Bihar Board 2026

   Who was Kossuth ?

   • (A) British scholar
   • (B) Hungarian nationalist leader ✓
   • (C) Ruler of Greece
   • (D) French religious reformer

   Answer: (B)

10. 10. Bihar Board 2026

    After which war was the unification of Germany completed ?

    • (A) The Crimean War
    • (B) Battle of Sedan ✓
    • (C) Battle of Vienna
    • (D) Battle of Berlin

    Answer: (B)

Questions parents and students ask

How many marks does "Nationalism in Europe" carry in Bihar Board Class 10 Social Science?

In the Bihar Board papers of 2021–2026, this chapter carried about 4 marks and about 6 questions a year; by marks it ranks 6 in Social Science.

Which are the most important (VVI) questions of "Nationalism in Europe"?

The 11 questions above are from the board’s real papers, each with the years it was asked; the most-asked come first with their full model answers. All 11 written questions of this chapter, with answers, are in the AskMedha app.

Do the answers follow the board’s marking scheme?

BSEB does not publish a marking scheme. Each answer is written point by point on a structure derived from past papers and checked by a second, independent model; it is never called the board’s official scheme.