Bihar Board Class 10 · Social Science · Matric exam 2027
Chapter 1: Economy and the History of its Development
This chapter’s questions from Bihar Board (BSEB)’s real papers of 2016–2026 — the 19 asked most often, 3 with the full model answer, 16 with how the answer begins — and objective questions with the board’s key.
- marks a year (about)
- 6
- questions a year (about)
- 8
- rank in Social Science
- #3
From 6 years of papers, 2021–2026 · full chapter-wise marks
VVI questions — the ones the board asked most (19)
- Q1Long answer4 marksAsked: 2025, 2026
Discuss the contribution of infrastructure in the economic development of the country.
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Model answer · infrastructure, economic development
- 1.Infrastructure denotes all those facilities and services which are helpful in economic development of country. All these factors for example electricity, transport, information, banking, school, college, hospital etc. are the basis of Economic Development of a country. These are known as Infrastructure. Infrastructure is very important in the economic development of a country. A country with developed infrastructure is more developed.1 mark
- 2.Means of transport and communication promote trade by ensuring the efficient distribution of goods and services. Transport helps in carrying goods from the place of production to the place of consumption, while communication connects traders and producers across different regions. In this way, both transport and communication make the exchange of goods and services smooth and efficient, which promotes trade in the country.1 mark
- 3.The availability of energy and electricity is essential for the operation of industries and increasing production capacity. Without regular supply of electricity, machines in factories and industries cannot run properly. Thus energy and electricity help industries to function smoothly and allow production capacity to increase, which contributes to the economic development of the country.1 mark
- 4.Social infrastructure like education and health helps in human capital formation which accelerates the pace of development. Education makes people skilled and capable of working efficiently, while health keeps the human resources fit and productive. According to the Human Development Report (HDR) published by UNDP, educational status and health conditions are important indexes on which countries can be compared. This human capital formation through education and health accelerates the pace of economic development.1 mark
- Begin with the definition of Infrastructure and list its examples like electricity, transport, information, banking, school, college, hospital.
- In the second paragraph write 'promote trade' and 'efficient distribution of goods and services' for means of transport and communication.
- In the fourth paragraph mention 'human capital formation' and the Human Development Report (HDR) published by UNDP.
Marks split from a structure derived from past papers (checked twice); not Bihar Board’s official scheme
- Q2Long answer4 marksAsked: 2021
What is Economy ? Discuss the various sectors of Economy.
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Model answer · meaning of economy, sectors
- 1.Economy is such a structure under which various financial or economic activities are performed, for example agriculture, industry, business, banking, insurance, transport and telecommunication etc. These economic activities on the one hand make good use of resources and services and on the other hand provide employment to the population so that they are able to fulfill their needs and demands from the resources available in our country. The structure of economy means its division into various production areas, and these activities can be divided into three different sections: Primary Sector, Secondary Sector and Tertiary Sector or Service Sector.1 mark
- 2.The Primary Sector is also known as the agricultural sector. Agriculture, animal husbandry, fish farming, resources from forests and mining come under this category. It includes activities related to natural resources.1 mark
- 3.The Secondary Sector is also known as the industrial sector. It includes mineral production, construction, public services, in which goods are manufactured using raw materials.1 mark
- 4.The Tertiary Sector is also known as the service sector. Banking and insurance, transportation, information, and trade etc. are included in this sector. All these activities provide help to activities performed in the primary and secondary sectors, so it is known as the service sector.1 mark
Diagram: Draw a flowchart titled "Structure of the Indian Economy" with Economy branching into three boxes labelled Primary Sector, Secondary Sector and Tertiary Sector, each listing its activities (agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing, mining / industry, construction, public services / banking, transport, trade).
- State the definition exactly as 'Economy is such a structure under which various financial or economic activities are performed' before naming the three sectors.
- For each sector write its alternate name (agricultural sector, industrial sector, service sector) along with its activities.
- Mention that the tertiary sector 'provides help to activities performed in primary and secondary sectors'.
Marks split from a structure derived from past papers (checked twice); not Bihar Board’s official scheme
- Q3Long answer4 marksAsked: 2022
Mention the main features of mixed economy.
Medha Ma’am
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Model answer · features, mixed economy
- 1.In a mixed economy, the means of production are owned by both private and public sectors. Mixed economy is a mixture of capitalist and socialist economy, as it is the economy where means of production are owned by the government and private individuals. It is a mid way between capitalism and socialism, and there is Mixed Economy in India.1 mark
- 2.In a mixed economy, economic activities are conducted through the coordination of market forces and government control. The private sector works through the forces of the market, while the government controls and regulates economic activities to see that the growth of the economy proceeds in a planned manner for the benefit of the whole country.1 mark
- 3.The main objective of a mixed economy is to ensure social welfare along with profit maximization. The private sector in the mixed economy works for profit maximization while the public sector works with the objective of social welfare, so both profit motive and social welfare are achieved together in this economy.1 mark
- 4.In a mixed economy, the government determines the direction and priorities of development through economic planning. Economic Planning means the best possible use of resources of the country in different developmental activities on the basis of the Nation, and the credit for economic development goes to Planning, through which the government decides the direction and priorities of development.1 mark
- Write clearly that means of production are owned by both private and public sectors to earn the first point.
- State both 'market forces' and 'government control' together for the second point.
- Mention 'social welfare' along with 'profit maximization' and 'economic planning' with 'direction and priorities' for the last two points.
Marks split from a structure derived from past papers (checked twice); not Bihar Board’s official scheme
- Q4Long answer4 marksAsked: 2022
Mention the main features of mixed economy.
How the model answer begins
1. In a mixed economy, the means of production are owned by both private and public sectors. Mixed economy is a mixture of capitalist and socialist economy, where means of production are owned by the government and private…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q5Long answer4 marksAsked: 2021
What are the reasons for economic backwardness of Bihar ?
How the model answer begins
1. Excessive dependence on agriculture is a major cause of economic backwardness of Bihar. Bihar is an agriculture based state, and most people depend on agriculture for their livelihood. Farmers still use traditional…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q6Short answer2 marksAsked: 2021
What is Economic planning ?
How the model answer begins
1. Economic planning is a time-bound programme under which all available resources of economy are used for fulfillment of pre-determined economic and social objectives of the nation.
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q7Short answer2 marksAsked: 2022
Define economic planning.
How the model answer begins
1. Economic planning means formulating a systematic plan to utilize the country's available means and resources for achieving predetermined objectives.
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q8Short answer2 marksAsked: 2022
Define economic planning.
How the model answer begins
1. Economic planning means utilization of country's resources into different development activities in accordance with national priorities. It is a time-bound programe under which all available resources of economy are…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q9Short answer2 marksAsked: 2023
State the concept of vicious circle of poverty.
How the model answer begins
1. The vicious circle of poverty means that poverty itself begets poverty. Bihar is suffering from immense poverty and the per capita income in Bihar is less than half of the national average, due to which there is a…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q10Short answer2 marksAsked: 2023
What is the importance of human resource in the development of a country ?
How the model answer begins
1. Human resource is the most important basis for the economic development of a country because human resource produces by utilizing other resources. Land, capital and other natural resources cannot develop the economy on…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q11Short answer2 marksAsked: 2024
What is mixed economy ?
How the model answer begins
1. Mixed Economy is a mixture of capitalist and socialist economy. It is the economy where means of production are owned by the government and private individuals both, that is, the means of production are owned and…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q12Short answer2 marksAsked: 2025
What is meant by Human Development Index ?
How the model answer begins
1. Human Development Index as proposed in first Human Development Report was prepared by United Nation Development Program (UNDP) under the direction of Mahbub-Ul-Haq. Human Development Report as published by UNDP compares…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q13Short answer2 marksAsked: 2025
What is economic activity ?
How the model answer begins
1. An economic activity is one through which people earn income to fulfil the demands and needs of their family members. All such activities which generate income are known as economic activities, and they involve the…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q14Short answer2 marksAsked: 2026
State two important functions of the economy.
How the model answer begins
1. One major function of the economy is to produce goods and services to fulfill the needs of the people. For the satisfaction of needs of the people a variety of goods and services are produced through economic activities…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q15Short answer2 marksAsked: 2026
What does capital formation mean ?
How the model answer begins
1. Capital formation means an increase in the stock of goods used in the production process such as machines, tools, and factories. These capital goods help to raise the productive capacity of the economy.
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q16Short answer2 marksAsked: 2026
How many types of infrastructure are there ? State with example.
How the model answer begins
1. Infrastructure is mainly of two types: economic infrastructure and social infrastructure.
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q17Short answer2 marksAsked: 2026
What type of economic system is found in India ?
How the model answer begins
1. Mixed economy is found in India. Mixed economy is a mixture of capitalist and socialist economy and is a mid way between capitalism and socialism.
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q18Short answer2 marksAsked: 2021
Write a brief note on infrastructure.
How the model answer begins
1. Infrastructure denotes all those facilities and services which are helpful in economic development of country. A country with developed infrastructure is more developed.
The full answer from Medha Ma’am → - Q19Short answer2 marksAsked: 2021
Establish a relationship between income and poverty.
How the model answer begins
1. There is an inverse relationship between income and poverty. Low income becomes the primary cause of poverty, because when the income of a person or a family is low, the chances of that person or family being poor…
The full answer from Medha Ma’am →
Objective questions with the board’s key (10)
- 1. Bihar Board 2026
Public welfare is the objective of which economy ?
- (A) Capitalistic economy
- (B) Socialistic economy ✓
- (C) Market economy
- (D) None of these
Answer: (B)
- 2. Bihar Board 2026
Which of the following is not an economic activity ?
- (A) Agriculture
- (B) Communication
- (C) Poverty ✓
- (D) Transportation
Answer: (C)
- 3. Bihar Board 2026
Under whose direction was the first Human Development Report prepared by the United Nations Human Development Programme ?
- (A) Md. Yunus
- (B) Mahbub-ul-Haq ✓
- (C) Ragnar Nurkse
- (D) Adam Smith
Answer: (B)
- 4. Bihar Board 2026
Electricity production is an activity of which sector ?
- (A) Primary Sector
- (B) Secondary Sector ✓
- (C) Tertiary Sector
- (D) None of these
Answer: (B)
- 5. Bihar Board 2026
What is using the country's resources in various developmental activities according to the priorities of the nation called ?
- (A) Economic growth
- (B) Economic planning ✓
- (C) Modernization
- (D) Self-reliance
Answer: (B)
- 6. Bihar Board 2026
Which of the following encourages production growth ?
- (A) Increase in Demand ✓
- (B) Decrease in Demand
- (C) Decrease in Investment
- (D) Decrease in Capital formation
Answer: (A)
- 7. Bihar Board 2026
Which of the following is a part of social infrastructure ?
- (A) Communication
- (B) Transportation
- (C) Education ✓
- (D) Energy
Answer: (C)
- 8. Bihar Board 2026
Which concept was given by Prof. Ragnar Nurkse ?
- (A) Circular flow of income
- (B) Vicious cycle of poverty ✓
- (C) Investment function
- (D) Micro finance
Answer: (B)
- 9. Bihar Board 2026
When did economic planning start in India ?
- (A) 1950
- (B) 1951 ✓
- (C) 1965
- (D) 1991
Answer: (B)
- 10. Bihar Board 2026
The first Human Development Report of the world was prepared under whose guidance ?
- (A) Amartya Sen
- (B) Mahbub-ul-Haq ✓
- (C) Prof. Yunus
- (D) Prof. Keynes
Answer: (B)
Questions parents and students ask
- How many marks does "Economy and the History of its Development" carry in Bihar Board Class 10 Social Science?
- In the Bihar Board papers of 2021–2026, this chapter carried about 6 marks and about 8 questions a year; by marks it ranks 3 in Social Science.
- Which are the most important (VVI) questions of "Economy and the History of its Development"?
- The 19 questions above are from the board’s real papers, each with the years it was asked; the most-asked come first with their full model answers. All 19 written questions of this chapter, with answers, are in the AskMedha app.
- Do the answers follow the board’s marking scheme?
- BSEB does not publish a marking scheme. Each answer is written point by point on a structure derived from past papers and checked by a second, independent model; it is never called the board’s official scheme.
The same preparation, with Medha Ma’am — on your phone
Every question of every chapter with its model answer, practice questions in the board’s own shapes, 60 minutes of class a day, written answers marked, a test every Sunday and a WhatsApp report to parents.
Medha Ma’am is an AI teacher, not a live tutor. Every answer is checked twice; a person takes responsibility.