Bihar Board Class 10 · English · Matric exam 2027
Chapter 4: Prepositions, articles and agreement — notes
The chapter’s 6 parts in the book’s order — the first idea of each and the points Medha Ma’am writes on the board — and the summary at the end. The full lesson and a check question for each part are in the app.
1. Prepositions of time
A preposition is a word placed before a noun or pronoun to show its relation with another word.
- • Preposition: shows the relation of a noun with another word
- • at + exact time: at 9 a.m. | on + day / date: on Monday
- • in + month, year, part of day: in May, in 2025, in the morning
- • since + point of time: It has been raining since Monday.
- • for + length of time: We have not seen him for a year.
- • until: Wait here until I return. | in + time: Call me in an hour.
2. Prepositions of place and movement
Place and movement.
- • across: My house is across the road.
- • by + transport: My grandmother came by train.
- • after (following): We ran after the thief.
- • at the top of one's voice: The teacher shouted at the top of her voice.
- • put out (switch off): The servant put out the light.
- • look to (for help): They looked to me for help.
3. Fixed prepositions: learn them in pairs
Many words always take one fixed preposition.
- • | with of | proud of, afraid of, jealous of, beware of, take care of, die of (a disease) |
- • | with to | agree to (a proposal), invited to (a meal), known to, look to |
- • | with at | laugh at, good at (a subject), at the top of one's voice |
- • | with from | abstain from, save from |
- • | with with | familiar with, annoyed with (a person), in love with |
- • | with on | congratulate on |
- • | with in, for | deal in (goods); suffer for, have no use for |
- • Watch these pairs
- • agree to a proposal / agree with a person
- • annoyed with a person / annoyed at a thing
- • known to me (not known by me)
4. The articles: a, an, the
The articles.
- • a + consonant sound: a book, a university, a one-rupee coin
- • an + vowel sound: an apple, an hour, an honest man
- • the + a particular one: the book on the table
- • the + only one: the sun, the sky | the + superlative: the best
- • the + rivers, seas, holy books: the Ganga, the Gita
- • No article: names, ideas in general: Honesty is the best policy.
5. The modals: may, must, should, ought to
May also shows purpose with so that: We eat so that we may live.
- • may + V1: permission: May I go out?
- • so that + may: purpose: We eat so that we may live.
- • must: strong duty: We must keep our promises.
- • should / ought to: moral duty, advice: You should work for the society.
- • can: ability | could: past ability, polite request
- • ought always takes to: ought to work (not ought work)
6. Subject and verb agreement
The verb must agree with its subject: a singular subject takes is, was, has; a plural subject takes are, were, have.
- • Singular: is, was, has | Plural: are, were, have
- • Some cars are beautiful. | My scissors are not sharp.
- • A and B → plural: Ramesh and Radha are good friends. Oil and water do not mix.
- • one of + plural noun + singular verb: One of the students has passed the test.
- • each / each of + singular verb: Each labourer gets a meal.
- • distance, amount as one whole → singular: Sixty miles is a long distance.
- • lots of / the rest of + plural noun → plural verb
- • Lots of fruits are needed for the function.
- • The rest of the students are absent.
Summary
Very good! At, on and in for time; since for a point of time, for a length. Learn fixed prepositions in pairs: proud of, agree to, congratulate on, abstain from. A before a consonant sound, an before a vowel sound, the for a particular one. After a modal, V1, and ought always takes to. And the verb agrees with its real subject. In your notebook, write the fixed preposition tables, and make one sentence with each pair. Then try the practice questions. If anything was not clear, press the Ask button and ask me. Done, you worked very well today!
AskMedha · Medha Ma’am — Bihar Board Class 10 English, Chapter 4. Written from the textbook, checked twice.
Questions parents and students ask
- How do I get the "Prepositions, articles and agreement" notes as a PDF?
- Press "Save as PDF" — the phone’s print sheet opens; choose "Save as PDF" there. The PDF holds the notes only.
- Where are these notes written from?
- From the chapter’s own textbook text, part by part, in the book’s own terms; a second, independent model then checked every part against the book. The full lesson, a check question for each part and the practice are in the AskMedha app.
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