Bihar Board Class 10 · English · Matric exam 2027
Chapter 1: Tenses and verb forms — notes
The chapter’s 7 parts in the book’s order — the first idea of each and the points Medha Ma’am writes on the board — and the summary at the end. The full lesson and a check question for each part are in the app.
1. Time words and the five forms of a verb
The time line on the board.
- • Past: yesterday, ago, last
- • Present: now, daily, always, usually
- • Future: tomorrow, next week
- • | Form | go | write | see | spend |
- • | V1 base | go | write | see | spend |
- • | V2 past | went | wrote | saw | spent |
- • | V3 past participle | gone | written | seen | spent |
- • | V4 ing form | going | writing | seeing | spending |
- • | V5 s or es | goes | writes | sees | spends |
- • Regular: work, worked, worked; scold, scolded, scolded
- • Irregular: see, saw, seen; steal, stole, stolen; bite, bit, bitten
- • Wrong: spended. Right: spent
2. The present tense: four kinds
The present tense has four kinds.
- • 1. Simple Present: habit, routine, truth
- • I / we / you / they / plural + V1: Stars shine all night.
- • He / she / it / one person + V5: She reaches her office by 9 a.m. daily.
- • 2. Present Continuous: going on now
- • is / am / are + V4: We are listening to the radio.
- • 3. Present Perfect: finished, result now
- • has / have + V3: I have spent all my savings.
- • 4. Present Perfect Continuous: began earlier, still going on
- • has / have + been + V4: The teacher has been teaching English for twenty years.
- • since + point of time (since Monday); for + length of time (for twenty years)
3. The past tense: four kinds
The past.
- • 1. Simple Past: finished in the past
- • V2: They came here a month ago.
- • did / did not + V1: Suman did not write a letter.
- • 2. Past Continuous: was going on
- • was / were + V4: The girl was singing when I entered the room.
- • 3. Past Perfect: the earlier of two past actions
- • had + V3 (first action) ... V2 (second action)
- • She had completed her knitting before I reached her house.
- • 4. Past Perfect Continuous
- • had + been + V4: It had been raining for two hours when we reached.
4. The future tense, and the modals
The future is simple.
- • Future
- • will / shall + V1: I will go tomorrow.
- • will be + V4: I will be leaving for Chennai next week.
- • will have + V3: He will have reached the station.
- • Past main verb: will → would
- • Yogesh promised that he would work hard.
- • Modal + V1, always
- • can (ability), may (permission), must (duty), should / ought to (advice)
- • Neither you nor your sister should talk to them.
- • Wrong: Can you will come? Right: Can you come?
5. Subject and verb must agree
The verb must agree with its subject.
- • Singular: is, was, has, V5 | Plural: are, were, have, V1
- • I am | He / she / it is | We / you / they are
- • I / he / she was | We / you / they were
- • Everybody / each / every + singular: Everybody wants to dance.
- • Find the real subject: The women (of my village) are illiterate.
- • An infinitive is singular: To sing well requires great skill.
6. From Hindi to English: the tense is in the verb ending
Many questions give a Hindi sentence and ask for its English translation.
- • | Hindi ending | Tense | English form |
- • | ता है / ती है | Simple Present | V1 / V5 |
- • | रहा है / रहे हैं | Present Continuous | is / am / are + V4 |
- • | चुका है / चुके हैं, या ने ... है | Present Perfect | has / have + V3 |
- • | रहा था / रहे थे | Past Continuous | was / were + V4 |
- • | गा / गी / गे | Simple Future | will + V1 |
- • Hindi: S + O + V | English: S + V + O
- • एकता में बल है। → There is strength in unity.
- • मेरे गाँव में एक मंदिर है। → There is a temple in my village.
- • Imperative: (Please) + V1 ...
- • कृपया चुप रहो। → Please be quiet.
- • नियमित रूप से अध्ययन करो। → Study regularly.
7. How to answer the one-mark question
For every blank, ask three questions.
- • Three questions for every blank
- • 1. Time word? 2. Helping verb already there? 3. Subject singular or plural?
- • We have not ...... him for a year.
- • have → V3 → seen
- • Answer: seen (not saw)
- • Common mistakes
- • She talking (no helping verb) → She talks
- • Can you will come (two helping verbs) → Can you come
- • did not wrote, have saw, will coming → did not write, have seen, will come
Summary
Very good! Look for the time word first. Learn the five forms of each verb. Simple present is V1 or V5, continuous is a form of be plus ing, perfect is has, have or had plus V3, and future is will plus V1. After a modal, always V1. And the verb must agree with its subject. In your notebook, write the five forms of twenty common verbs, and make one sentence in each tense with the verb go. Then try the practice questions. If anything was not clear, press the Ask button and ask me. Done, you worked very well today!
AskMedha · Medha Ma’am — Bihar Board Class 10 English, Chapter 1. Written from the textbook, checked twice.
Questions parents and students ask
- How do I get the "Tenses and verb forms" notes as a PDF?
- Press "Save as PDF" — the phone’s print sheet opens; choose "Save as PDF" there. The PDF holds the notes only.
- Where are these notes written from?
- From the chapter’s own textbook text, part by part, in the book’s own terms; a second, independent model then checked every part against the book. The full lesson, a check question for each part and the practice are in the AskMedha app.
The same preparation, with Medha Ma’am — on your phone
Every question of every chapter with its model answer, practice questions in the board’s own shapes, 60 minutes of class a day, written answers marked, a test every Sunday and a WhatsApp report to parents.
Medha Ma’am is an AI teacher, not a live tutor. Every answer is checked twice; a person takes responsibility.